The Lumen Christi Institute and the Committee on Social Thought will host a
symposium, “God, Freedom, and Public Life,” at the University of Chicago on Thursday, October 6. The symposium will discuss Francis Cardinal George’s new book, God in Action: How Faith in God can Address the Challenges of the World, and will feature contributions from Amitai Etzioni (George Washington University), Hans Joas (University of Chicago), Martin Marty (University of Chicago), and Francis Cardinal George, OMI (Archbishop of Chicago). A description is here. — MLM
Excluding Religion from NYC’s 9/11 Commemoration, cont.
A follow-up to last week’s post about excluding clergy from NYC’s official 9/11 commemoration. The city explained that it was excluding clergy because the event was for victims’ families and there were limits to how many people the city could accommodate. Some observers, though, believed that the city was in fact trying to avoid the “divisiveness” that clergy-led prayers would create. Others argued the city’s decision reflected a basic hostility to religion; Mayor Bloomberg lent some credibility to that argument on Friday, when he remarked that a memorial service with prayers and religious leaders would be like the government forcing religion “down people’s throats.”
The commemoration took place yesterday. Clergy were not present, but prayer and scripture readings were part of the program after all. In fact, the religious references were even more sectarian than many clergy, who are accustomed to presiding at interfaith services like this, might have provided. President Obama read Psalm 46, a hymn to “the God of Jacob,” in its entirety. Former Mayor Giuliani read from Ecclesiastes, explaining that “we need” the perspective that comes from “the words of God” expressed in that book. (Actually, they’re the words of “the Preacher,” but even so). Were the President and the former mayor forcing faith on anyone? The religious references, so much a part of the American tradition at events like these, appeared to cause no disturbance at all. – MLM
Atkinson on The Future of Philanthropy: Questioning Today’s Orthodoxies, Re-affirming Yesterday’s Foundations
Rob Atkinson Jr. (Florida State University College of Law) has posted The Future of Philanthropy: Questioning Today’s Orthodoxies, Re-Affirming Yesterday’s Foundations. The abstract follows. – ARH
Philanthropy today has reached an impasse, in both theory and practice. This article maps a way beyond that impasse by taking us back to philanthropy’s core function and traditional values. The standard academic model sees philanthropy as subordinate and supplemental to our society’s other public sectors, the market and the state, and uses their metrics to measure its performance. Current law, best reflected in the federal income tax code, closely parallels that perspective. This article proposes to reverse the dominant theoretical perspective and reveal a radically different relationship among society’s three public sectors, the market, the state, and the philanthropic. Following both classical western philosophy and the West’s three Abrahamist faiths, this perspective places philanthropy first and measures everything, including our current economic and political systems, by a neo-classical philanthropic standard: the highest good of all humankind.
Podeh’s “The Politics of National Celebrations in the Arab Middle East”
And speaking of public religion, The Politics of National Celebrations in
the Arab Middle East (CUP 2011) by Elie Podeh (Hebrew University of Jerusalem) looks like an excellent book for understanding how Middle Eastern governments use religion for various official civic and legal purposes, something which is certainly not unique to those regimes and which is a common feature of strong polities. The publisher’s description follows. — MOD
Why do countries celebrate defining religious moments or significant events in their history, and how and why do their leaders select certain events for commemoration and not others? This book is the first systematic study of the role of celebrations and public holidays in the Arab Middle East from the fall of the Ottoman Empire to the present. By tracing the history of the modern nation-state through successive generations, the book shows how Arab rulers have used public holidays as a means of establishing their legitimacy and, more broadly, a sense of national identity. Most recently, some states have attempted to nationalize religious festivals in the face of the Islamic revival. With its many illustrations and copious examples from across the region, the book offers an alternative perspective on the history and politics of the Middle East.
Religious Music and Public Religion
Both sociologist Grace Davie and law professor Angela Carmella have described the ways in which cultural artifacts rooted in religious traditions can take on a public aspect. That is what seems to be described in this piece by James Oestreich about a series of concerts featuring Bach’s music at Trinity Church with the unfortunately saccharine name, “Remember to Love.”
I say “seems” because Oestreich is obviously conflicted about describing either Bach or his music as religious. And in the process I think that he misses what is special about Bach’s music — and the reason that its religious quality was perhaps a particularly apt choice as, to use Davie’s term, a “public utility” on the ten-year anniversary of September 11.
Bach’s interpretation of religious themes in his Masses, cantatas, and so much else moves from ineffably serpentine complication to clean, satisfying resolution. When a piece of Bach’s concludes, there is the distinct sense that a very difficult affair has been worked on, labored through, and that one emerges into a place of light where all is, at long last, right with the world. Bach is, for me, the greatest composer of all time, and it is because he perfected this suite of emotions in his music — the human struggle from spiritual darkness to the peace of illumination — that his music resonates so deeply across time.
But this is exactly a religious theme, interpreted by Bach in religious texts, and which inspired in him this music. The source of his creation, just like the site in which it was experienced yesterday, is ineradicably religious. This is difficult for some to acknowledge, because of the sense that the civic polity stands apart from religious experience, or that it does not need its ministrations, or even that to indulge in them somehow violates the Constitution. But to deny the ways in which religious music can contribute to the public or civic landscape is to misdescribe profoundly the nature of the relationship between religion and the state. — MOD
Einhorn on Jewish Divorce in the International Arena
Talia Einhorn (Tel Aviv University – Faculty of Management) has posted Jewish Divorce in the International Arena. The abstract follows. – ARH
Jewish law, like other religious laws, commands universal application to all Jews. Had all states chosen religious law to apply to marriage and divorce, limping marriages and divorces would have been restricted to persons who are regarded as belonging to several religions (decided from the point of view of that religion), or to none. This would have also been the case had all persons, regardless of the civil law applicable to such matters, adhered to religious laws. However, as long as some states, e.g., Israel, apply religious law to personal status, whereas others apply civil law, limping personal status poses a very real problem. Such conflicts befall also Jews who regard themselves bound not only by the civil laws of their state of habitual residence, but also, by autonomous choice, by Jewish law precepts.
The modern, relatively free movement of persons in the international arena has Read more
“The Last Liberal Catholic”
Those who may not know the blog, Palazzo Apostolico (“Apostolic Palace”), authored by Paolo Rodari and run by the Italian newspaper, Il Foglio, may want to take a look. One of Rodari’s recent posts deals with liberal Catholicism in Italy. A phenomenon of the nineteenth century, Rodari writes that liberal Catholicism consisted in the position that it was a good thing that the Church lose its temporal power inasmuch as it could devote its energies exclusively to its spiritual vocation. Most interestingly, Rodari writes that liberal Catholics of that era believed that they owed obedience and allegiance to the Pope and to the Church’s core precepts (as Rodari says, this distinguishes them from the “liberal” of today), even as they also believed that individual conscience had an important role to play and that they were not obliged to “bow their heads” to the wishes of bishops and cardinals. The heroes of the liberal Catholics were Cardinal John Henry Newman, Alessandro Manzoni (author of The Betrothed), and Antonio Rosmini.
The referent of this post’s title is former Italian President and liberal Catholic, Francesco Cossiga (a controversial figure in his own right), whose party was the Democrazia Cristiana (now gone), and who recently passed away . Below the fold, a translation of some of Cossiga’s thoughts about liberal Catholicism from Rodari’s post. — MOD
Classic Revisited: Berman’s “Law and Revolution”
“This book tells the following story: that once there was a civilization called ‘Western’; that it developed distinctive ‘legal’ institutions, values, and concepts; that these Western institutions, values, and concepts were consciously transmitted from generation to generation over centuries, and thus came to constitute a ‘tradition’; that the Western legal tradition was born of a ‘revolution’ and thereafter, during the course of many centuries, has been periodically interrupted and transformed by revolutions; and that in the twentieth century the Western legal tradition is in a crisis greater than any other in its history, one that some believe has brought it virtually to an end.”
So begins the late Harold Berman’s Law and Revolution: The Formation
of the Western Legal Tradition (HUP 1983), as important and learned a book in law and religion as has ever been written. Berman traces the development of contemporary Western legal institutions from the medieval period to the present, emphasizing especially the importance of the Papal Revolution of Pope Gregory VII, which, he writes, “gave birth to the modern Western state — the first example of which, paradoxically, was the church itself.” (113) Berman’s monumental contribution is as powerful as it is fascinating; if anything deserves the rank of canonical in law and religion literature, it is this book. — MOD
Corley on Kazakhstan’s Proposed Religious Restrictions
Felix Corley (Forum 18 News Serivce) posted Kazakhstan: New Proposed Legal Restrictions on Religion Reach Parliament. The abstract follows. – JKH
The proposed new Religion Law which reached Parliament yesterday (5 September), if adopted in its current form, would impose a complex four-tier registration system, ban unregistered religious activity, impose compulsory religious censorship and require all new places of worship to have specific authorisation from the capital and the local administration. A second proposed Law imposing changes in the area of religion in nine other Laws would also amend the controversial Administrative Code Article 375, widening the range of “violations of the Religion Law” it punishes. The texts – seen by Forum 18 News Service – have been approved by Kazakhstan’s Prime Minister Karim Masimov, but have not yet been published.
Ten Years After September 11, 2001: Remembrance and Reconciliation Through Poetry (Sept. 10, 2011)
Professor Lawrence Joseph will read his poems as part of Poets House’s commemoration of the attacks of 9/11. The event, to be held in the sanctuary of Trinity Church on Wall Street on September 10, will also feature readings by other leading American poets. A description of the event is here.